Wild Preserve: Connections with Our Natural Neighbors
by Christy Wyckoff
Oh-my-kiss, that is how the fisheries biologists refer to them. No, it isn’t an affectionate term for a loved one, but short hand for Oncorhynchus mykiss, also known as the steelhead trout. The silvery steelhead is one of the most remarkable animals on the planet.
They are a unique form of rainbow trout that are anadromous. Like their pink fleshed cousin, the salmon, this species spawn and live in freshwater streams as rainbow trout but a portion of the population gets a wild hair and heads out to sea once mature, only to return to their natal freshwater stream to breed. During the transition from fresh water to salt water and vice versa, these species undergo incredible physiological changes including bulking up and shifting colors. Unlike salmon, who swim upstream once in their lives to lay eggs before dying, steelhead repeat this 50-mile roundtrip swim to The Preserve year after year. This strategy is not that of a rebellious teenager, instead it is a survival strategy for the species. Having a flexible lifestyle has allowed steelhead to adapt to changing conditions along the coast including droughts and shifts in food supply.
Despite a millennia of adapting to the world around them, Central California Coast steelhead populations are in decline and were listed as threatened in 1997. What they need to survive is healthy streams with reliable perennial water.
On The Preserve we have no fewer than six vibrant streams, each wending its way across 20,000 acres: San Jose Creek, Garzas Creek, Potrero Creek, San Clemente Creek, Robinson Canyon Creek and the upper reaches of Hitchcock Creek. Each of these streams are considered “steelhead bearing” which means when the streams are flowing at high levels steelhead come in from the ocean to breed each winter, contributing to the genetic diversity and overall abundance of the local population.
Having six healthy streams in our community is no accident. In the early planning phase of The Preserve, streams and surrounding riparian plant communities were identified as priorities to protect. Detailed biological surveys were conducted, wells, roads and Homelands were placed in locations that safeguarded the streams. The annual erosion of bare dirt from historic ranch roads was even ceased by allowing grass to seed the trail beds and portions of the old roads to retire and recede back into nature.
Each of these decisions, and the thoughtful and ongoing land management practices employed by the Conservancy, Ranch Club and Community Services District, help keep our streams running clear and full. These decisions also, literally, flow downstream. Our actions at the top of the watershed wind their way all the way down the creeks until they meet the Carmel River and eventually, flow into the Pacific Ocean.
Preventing erosion on The Preserve keeps silt out of the Carmel River. Supporting healthy forests on The Preserve helps clean the water as it flows downhill. Managing invasive weeds at the top of the watershed reduces their spread downstream. Preparing for wildfire on the slopes above the creeks protects the plants and soils that slowly release the winter rains and feed the creeks all spring long. Each protection and each management decision we make plays out along the reaches of our six creeks.
As with so many of our special species on the property, the mighty steelhead vote with their presence, indicating that they approve of our choices and want to come back year after year to breed in our permanently protected creeks. So, next time you are along one of our creeks and lucky enough to catch a sliver flash of a steelhead or rainbow trout, go ahead and blow a kiss to the little O. mykiss!
COYOTES
It was an active denning season on The Preserve for coyotes this year. Thank you for giving the coyotes space during a particularly sensitive time of the year. As we shift into summer it seems the coyotes that were denning near the Chicken Flats and Robinson Canyon trailhead have also shifted. There have not been any recent reports or issues with coyotes in the area, so the Robinson Canyon Trail is once again open to all recreational activities again.
TIGER SALAMANDER TADPOOLS
At a recent pond survey on Peñon, we were elated to find eight tiny California tiger salamander tadpoles. These endangered animals remain arboreal most of their adult life, returning to our ponds only to breed. Females have only a 50% chance of breeding more than once throughout her lifespan of approximately 25 years.
GRASSHOPPER SPARROWS
In its eighth year of grassland bird surveys, the Conservancy is happy to report birds throughout The Preserve – a strong indication of how species are responding to the grazing program. Grasslands are not only habitat for deer and bobcats, they are essential nesting habitat for some birds, including buzzy voiced grasshopper sparrows.
PACIFIC GROVE CLOVER
When this endangered native plant blooms you can’t miss its intricate pinkish-purple petals. Use the iNaturalist app on your phone or tablet to view field guides of the Santa Lucia Preserve. Check out our Field Guides page on the Conservancy’s website to download the Santa Lucia Preserve field guides offline on the trail!